{"id":222967,"date":"2019-11-16T06:26:13","date_gmt":"2019-11-16T06:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/?page_id=222967"},"modified":"2026-03-16T01:42:21","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T01:42:21","slug":"kennkarte","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/kennkarte\/","title":{"rendered":"Kennkarte"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; custom_padding_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb admin_label=\u00bbHeader\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.6&#8243; background_image=\u00bbhttps:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2025\/04\/kenkarte-henke.png\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_center\u00bb background_vertical_offset=\u00bb30%\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb100px||0vw|||\u00bb custom_padding_tablet=\u00bb40px|||\u00bb custom_padding_phone=\u00bb0px|||\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.6&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb header_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb80px\u00bb header_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbAbril Fatface||||||||\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb56px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.1em\u00bb background_layout=\u00bbdark\u00bb header_font_size_tablet=\u00bb54px\u00bb header_font_size_phone=\u00bb34px\u00bb header_font_size_last_edited=\u00bboff|tablet\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb36px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb24px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h1>La Kennkarte<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; width=\u00bb100%\u00bb max_width=\u00bb100%\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2020\/01\/food-bank_57.png\u00bb align=\u00bbright\u00bb align_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb align_phone=\u00bb\u00bb align_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; admin_label=\u00bbAbout\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb||12px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb3_5,2_5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; width=\u00bb77.8%\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||7px|||\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb3_5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbLora|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb60px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb48px\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb32px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|tablet\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Documento de identidad obligatorio del Tercer Reich<\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Desde el 1 de octubre de 1938, todos los ciudadanos alemanes mayores de 15 a\u00f1os estaban obligados a portar una Kennkarte, el documento nacional de identidad emitido por la <a href=\"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/es\/gestapo\/\">polic\u00eda del Reich<\/a>. Se exped\u00eda en las comisar\u00edas locales por un coste de 3 Reichsmark y se archivaba una copia oficial en la administraci\u00f3n. Su formato era DIN A6, en papel gris reforzado con lino, con fotograf\u00eda, datos personales, huella dactilar, firma y sello oficial.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Aunque inicialmente concebida como un documento administrativo, la Kennkarte se convirti\u00f3 r\u00e1pidamente en un instrumento de control social. Para los ciudadanos alemanes nativos (Reichsdeutsche), como el <a href=\"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/es\/personajes-principales\/\">doctor Henke<\/a> \u2014radi\u00f3logo del hospital Beelitz-Heilst\u00e4tten de Potsdam\u2014, serv\u00eda como identificaci\u00f3n habitual para tr\u00e1mites oficiales, control de movimientos o acceso a servicios.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Sin embargo, el dise\u00f1o y el color variaban seg\u00fan el origen \u00e9tnico del portador. La Kennkarte reflejaba as\u00ed las pol\u00edticas de clasificaci\u00f3n y segregaci\u00f3n del r\u00e9gimen nazi. En los territorios ocupados y entre los grupos considerados \u00abno arios\u00bb, el documento era un marcador visual de exclusi\u00f3n. Codificaci\u00f3n de las Kennkarten:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alemanes nativos \u2192 Color est\u00e1ndar (gris claro o verde), sin marcas<\/li>\n<li>J (Juden) \u2192 Jud\u00edos, Kennkarte amarilla<\/li>\n<li>Z (Zigeuner) \u2192 Gitanos, Kennkarte amarilla<\/li>\n<li>G (Goralenvolk) \u2192 Grupo \u00e9tnico monta\u00f1\u00e9s polaco, Kennkarte gris oscuro<\/li>\n<li>U (Ukrainer) \u2192 Ucranianos, Kennkarte azul<\/li>\n<li>R (Russen) \u2192 Rusos, Kennkarte azul<\/li>\n<li>W (Wei\u00dfrussen) \u2192 Bielorrusos, Kennkarte azul<\/li>\n<li>K (Kaukasier\/Georgier) \u2192 Georgianos, Kennkarte azul<\/li>\n<li>Gris oscuro \u2192 Polacos no jud\u00edos<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Esta clasificaci\u00f3n determinaba restricciones concretas: desde la movilidad hasta el acceso a alimentos o trabajo, marcando una diferencia tangible en la vida diaria.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_5&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_enable_color=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbLora|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#011C40&#8243; background_layout=\u00bbdark\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb32px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb border_radii=\u00bbon|10px|10px|10px|10px\u00bb border_width_all=\u00bb10px\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#011C40&#8243; locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>Torre Annunziata<\/h2>\n<h3><strong>Pr\u00f3logo<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&#8230;y un pliego de documentos en muy mal estado entre los que se inclu\u00eda una \u00ab<em>Kennkarte<\/em>\u00bb&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2020\/01\/sight-seeing-44.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbsight-seeing-44&#8243; url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2018\/11\/kennkarte-con-J.jpg\u00bb force_fullwidth=\u00bbon\u00bb align_tablet=\u00bbcenter\u00bb align_phone=\u00bb\u00bb align_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.6&#8243; background_image=\u00bbhttps:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/\/2025\/04\/kenkarte-henke.png\u00bb background_position=\u00bbbottom_center\u00bb background_vertical_offset=\u00bb81%\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; text_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb header_font=\u00bb||||||||\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bbLora|700|||||||\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb50px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb1.2em\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00bb32px\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|desktop\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfSab\u00edas que&#8230;?<\/h2>\n<p>\ud83d\udd39Tras el inicio de la II Guerra mundial, la documentaci\u00f3n entr\u00f3 en vigor en los dem\u00e1s territorios ocupados.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udd39Tras el final de la guerra, las Kennkarten fueron anuladas por las autoridades aliadas. El emblema nazi fue cubierto con etiquetas provisionales que llevaban la frase: \u201cEsta tarjeta tiene validez provisional\u201d. Muchos duplicados quedaron archivados en las comisar\u00edas locales, y hoy representan, en muchos casos, la \u00fanica forma de conservar retratos e informaci\u00f3n de v\u00edctimas del Holocausto y de otros grupos perseguidos.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb9px||12px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||8px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\u00bb240056,240064,240066,240065&#8243; show_title_and_caption=\u00bboff\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.27.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb dbdb_version=\u00bb5.1.1&#8243; dbdb_show_lightbox_title=\u00bboff\u00bb dbdb_show_lightbox_image_count=\u00bboff\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_gallery][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; 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Se exped\u00eda en las comisar\u00edas locales por un coste de [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-222967","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/222967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=222967"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/222967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":243227,"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/222967\/revisions\/243227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/experimentopanzergeist.es\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=222967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}